Paulo Freire and Education Essay

Paulo Freire said that education can be construed as an exercise of domination if it manipulates the naivete and innocence of the students. This kind of pedagogy tends to use authority heavily so that the students would learn to accept such authority without challenging it. They become subservient to the interests of the authorities who have the power over the educational system. Freire’s (49) idea is that education can be used, and has been used by oppressors to enforce their rule over their subjects. Freire develops his ideas by looking at the history of colonization, particularly the relationship of the colonizers and the colonies and how the educational system was established in the colonies. Understanding the context of Brazil as a former colony is crucial in understanding the development of Freire’s ideas. Freire described the banking approach to education, treating students as empty bank accounts that will have to be filled with the ideas fed to it by the teachers. see more:role of teacher in social change Freire considers this approach as dehumanizing to both the teachers and the learners. Instead of the banking approach, the author advocated for a world-mediated and mutual approach to learning. This means that individuals can be educated through their interactions with each other and with the world. In this process, people are considered incomplete and they can strive to completeness through education (Freire 80). For Freire, education is a tool for shaping more than just the person but the whole society as well. This process is called conscientization. Freire’s approach to education echoes much of the ideas of critical theorists who believe, together with Marx that theory and education have to be used to change society for the better . Freire’s Approach to Education and Teaching Freire’s approach to education is not didactic. Instead of focusing only on rote learning and taking what the teachers say at face value, he puts a primer on interaction and on the experiences of the learners. For a teacher to become effective, he or she has to be integrated into the worldview of the students and not disconnected from it. Freire effectively highlighted the importance of the role of the teacher and how the teacher should present help the student go through the learning process. Freire’s approach helps teachers vary their teaching methods from being simply dispensers and givers of information to that of a facilitator and mediator in the learning process of the student. This type of pedagogy works best for teaching people who already have knowledge about the world and how who have an understanding about their role in it. For younger learners, however, such approach may not be very effective because of their lack of experiences. Furthermore, the worldview of younger students is still being formed. This means therefore that younger learners would still need to depend on the authorities in their lives for their early learning and education. Although at first, it would seem that the banking approach would be at work in this process. Yet, the educational approach should not be divorced from the overall cultural context and social realities of the society where the learners belong to. This not mean, however that education should degenerate to rote learning, memorization and mimicking of the ideas of the educators (Ladson-Billings 163). The Purpose of Education, Society and Political Power Freire recognized the power of education in creating change in the society. For him, education is not only about learning but also a power that can be used for social change. Therefore it is not only a tool of oppression; it can also work for the empowerment of disenfranchised members of the society. Education can be used effectively for helping people learn about their situation from their own point of view so they can become more aware of what their rights are and how they can improve their lives, their rights and how they can use their own resources for their empowerment (Giroux 65). Freire wrote Pedagogy of the Oppressed with colonialism and political and cultural freedom in mind. Yet, his ideas have been taken by educators all over the world in order to educate people concerning the importance of interaction and the application of education in their own contexts. His ideas have now been extended and applied in a number of learning contexts and environment. As the process of education continues to be scrutinized all over the world, the validity of Freire’s ideas will be seen as applicable in a number of ways. This time, such application will not be in the realm of colonialism and political freedom, but rather it can be applied in the overall process of educating individuals so they can be trained as knowledgeable and responsible members of their respective societies. Education is an important power that not only developing countries would find useful but developed countries as well in developing their own citizenry.

What Does It Take to Get Into Tulane University?

With an acceptance rate of 26%, admission to Tulane is highly competitive . So, what does it take to get it? Read on to find out. What could be better than attending college in New Orleans? From Mardi Gras to music festivals, Tulane University might seem like a nonstop party. However, the truth is that this southern school has more than enough to offer those who are academically minded. In fact, U.S. News & World Report ranked Tulane No. 40 on its list of the Best National Universities and No. 45 on a list of Best Undergraduate Programs. And with more than 75 majors from which to choose, students don’t have to worry about finding a program that excites them. While Tulane is clearly a great place to attend college, getting into this institution can be challenging. Fortunately, there are ways to increase your odds of being accepted. Here’s our advice for optimizing your admissions profile for Tulane University. Tulane accepts both the Common Application and its own online application. To apply for Early Decision, submit your materials by November 1. The Early Action deadline is November 15, and Regular Decision applications are due by January 26. You can expect to receive an admission decision by April 1. Tulane requires applicants to submit the following materials: Visual and performing arts students have the option of submitting a portfolio or audition. Non-U.S. citizens are also required to submit a Certification of Finances document with their application. One of the most respected universities in the U.S., Tulane is naturally very competitive. In 2017, Tulane accepted just 26% or 8,126 of the 32,006 students who applied, so candidates need to be at the top of their game if they hope to gain entry. The average GPA of admitted applicants was 3.51, the average ACT score was 30, and the average SAT score was 1410. So, while most Tulane students boast high GPAs and test scores, the admissions committee considers other factors as well. Along with academic prowess, the school seeks out students who are passionate about what they do. Overall, Tulane is trying to build a robust, vibrant student body, so use your application to convey your unique talents and strengths. Estimating your chance of getting into a college is not easy in today’s competitive environment. Thankfully, with our state-of-the-art software and data, we can analyze your academic and extracurricular profile and estimate your chances. Our profile analysis tool can also help you identify the improvement you need to make to enter your dream school. Tulane University requires incoming freshmen to have strong academic credentials. Prospective students should pursue a high school curriculum that includes the following: Additionally, Tulane takes standardized test scores into account when making admissions decisions. While the middle 50% of students earn SAT scores between 1420 and 1510, applicants may be pleased to learn that the school superscores the test, considering the highest scores across all test dates. The middle 50% of students who take the ACT earn between 31 and 33; unfortunately, Tulane does not superscore this exam. Some students may qualify for guaranteed admission to Tulane under the Focus Louisiana program . Here are the criteria required for guaranteed acceptance: Note that Guaranteed Admission applicants must apply to Tulane Early Decision. Unless you qualify for Guaranteed Admission, there’s probably no one way to ensure you get into Tulane. However, the following steps can help your application stand out from the pack: According to Tulane’s mission statement, the school is dedicated to helping â€Å"individuals, organizations, and communities to think, to learn, and to act and lead with integrity and wisdom.† If you want to boost your odds of getting accepted at this southern school, use the optional statement to show the admissions committee how you fit this description. For example, you might want to describe a time when you served as a leader in your school or community. The goal is to convey why you’re a good fit for Tulane, along with why the school is ideal for you. Colleges aren’t naive enough to think students are only applying to one school. Still, they want to know that applicants are passionate about the possibility of matriculating. You can demonstrate your engagement by attending college fairs, meeting with admissions reps, emailing questions to the admissions counselor, and scheduling campus tours. If you do visit Tulane (or any other school on your list), don’t forget to drop by the admissions office to let them know you cared enough to make the trip. According to Tulane’s Director of Admissions, Jeff Schiffman, the university is particularly interested in students who have held down part-time jobs. Whether you worked to save money for college or prepare for a prospective career, detail your experience in your application materials. Rather than chastise yourself for failing to get into Tulane, remember that there are plenty of other great schools out there. And one of them would love to have you. Some colleges known for being similar to Tulane include Vanderbilt, NYU, USC, UCLA, and Boston University. Determined to head down south for college? You might want to consider Duke University, Washington and Lee University, Wake Forest University, or Emory University.

Health and Wellbeing {physical fitness in adult from ages 28-40 years} Research Paper

Health and Wellbeing {physical fitness in adult from ages 28-40 years} - Research Paper Example Fortunately, not one wants or dreams to be sick in one-way or another, it is therefore everyone’s responsibility to create physical fitness schedules with qualified coaches or on their own. The ability to manage small and easy jogging sessions goes a long way in helping him adapt and increase his health and well being levels, and later do exercises that are more complex. This paper explores the importance of physical fitness in maintaining health and well being standards among the youth and elder people of between 28-40 years. It explains some of the practical fitness exercises that one can engage in to maintain his positive health status and well-being. Well being is an important state of the body that should be maintained by everybody irrespective of their age and other factors. Well being cannot merely be taken as the absence of disease or illness, as many people perceive it to be; instead, it is described as a complex combination of a person’s physical, mental, emotional as well as social health factors. Well being cannot be described as how a person feels about himself or herself, but how he takes considerable steps in ensuring that he is at peace with himself in his environment. For this reason, it is important that a person understands the particular requirements and factors to consider in maintaining his well-being. Health on the other hand refers to the state of absolute physical, mental as well as social well-being; in this case, it is not necessarily the absence of disease or infirmity in one’s body system. A person’s health status is largely determined by a multitude of various social, economic as well as cultural factors, in this case, people who live in a similar community or environment or those of a certain age bracket can have vastly different chances of good health. Sometimes, a person

Tourism and environment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tourism and environment - Research Paper Example This paper briefly explains the negative impacts of tourism on culture, history and environment of a country. Culture is an important aspect of a country which gives a unique look to the country. For example, Nepal is the only Hindu country in the world whereas Saudi Arabia is witnessed as a traditional Muslim country. Tourism is an opportunity of the locals to know more about the external world. The Muslim dominated Middle East region is advanced rapidly because of the contributions of the westerners. The technology used for extracting the oil from the underground sources by the Middle Eastern countries as are borrowed from the westerners. In fact, in many of the critical positions in Middle East, westerners are working. Emirates Airlines has become one of the best airliners of the world mainly because of the contributions from the managing director, Maurice Flanagan. Thus tourism has many positive effects on cultures. â€Å"While presenting a culture to tourists may help preserve the culture, it can also dilute or even destroy it. The point is to promote tourism in the region so that it would both give incomes and create respect for the local tradition and culture† (Mirbabayev & Shagazatova). Tourism can damage the local culture in many ways. For example, lot of people from Middle East has started to imitate the dress codes and hairstyles of the westerners leaving their traditional dresses and fashion concepts behind. Moreover they started to change even their food habits because of the influence of the westerners. At present, in Middle East, most of the companies are looking for US or UK educated youths for hiring. Traditions and customs can also be changed because of the influence of tourists on a country’s culture. â€Å"Large hotel chain restaurants often import food to satisfy foreign visitors and rarely employ local staff for senior management positions, preventing local farmers and workers from reaping

Limited Companies (Tesco and Sainsbury) Case Study

Limited Companies (Tesco and Sainsbury) - Case Study Example The stance of both the companies is illustrated with the help of financial ratios, to read between the lines of the companies’ financial statements and to completely understand the financial data presented by the companies in their annual reports. The structure of the report comprises the companies’ financial performance analysis for the year ended 2005 from management, investors and lenders’ outlook because all these three groups are interested in the companies’ position and performance with different perspectives. Therefore, the comparison presented in this report would be helpful for the company’s management, investors and lenders altogether to form a base for their future decisions.Tesco and Sainsbury have been in the retail business for a long time. These companies operate on the international level, but have most number of their stores in UK, which is the major market of these companies. Tesco is the largest and most profitable superstore chai n in Britain. It is the fourth largest supermarket in the world. Tesco operates 2,318 stores in 12 countries around the world and employs 326,000 people, 237,000 of them in Britain where it is the largest private employer (TESCO: A Corporate Profile, accessed 29.11.2005). The principal activity of the Group is the operation of food stores and associated activities in the UK, Republic of Ireland, Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Turkey, Thailand, South Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia and Japan (Tesco Annual Report, accessed 28.11.2005). Sainsbury is the UK's third-largest grocery retailer (after Tesco and ASDA) operates the long-struggling Sainsbury's Supermarkets chain -- some 464 supermarkets in the UK (accounting for nearly 85% of sales). The supermarkets get about 40% of their sales from private-label products. In addition to supermarkets, the company operates 260 convenience stores under the Sainsbury's Local, Bells and Jacksons banners. Sainsbury also owns 55% of Sainsbury's Bank (in a joint venture with Scottish bank HBOS) and a property development company (J Sainsbury plc overview, accessed 28.11.2005). PART B: ANALYSIS & COMPARISON OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE Tesco and Sainsbury are two popular companies in the United Kingdom. But the latest annual reports issued by these two companies reveal diverse results in the companies' financial performance for the year ended 2005. A deeper analysis of the differences between these companies' financial results is presented below with the help of some ratios peculiar to the analysis in terms of company's management, lenders and investors: FROM MANAGEMENT'S OUTLOOK The following analysis and comparison is done to help the companies' management to assess their performance and capabilities in the light of the companies' recent financial results: Gross Profit Margin Tesco Plc 7.3% Sainsbury Plc 4.12% The Gross Profit ratio analyses the company's profit margin before accounting for various operating costs. The gross profit margin of Tesco is higher than Sainsbury, which indicates that Tesco's management has efficiently managed to obtain more profit out of its sales after accounting for cost of sales incurred during the process of making the goods and services available to customers than Sainsbury. Net Profit Margin Tesco Plc 5.7% Sainsbury Plc 0.65% The net profit ratio analyses a company's profitability after taking into account all the operating costs. The above ratio calculation shows that Tesco has had significantly higher net profit margin than Sainsbury whose profit margin after the operating cost

The Evolution of the Eukaryotic Cell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Evolution of the Eukaryotic Cell - Essay Example Proponents propose that flagella derived from the symbiotic relationship of a host cell with a parasitic spirochete. A parasitic spirochete attached to surface of the host cell to gain food through the cell membrane, and the host cell gained motility from its whip-like motions. The beneficial relationship between the organisms evolved in the same manner as that of mitochondria and chloroplasts. Serial Endosymbiotic Theory (SET) The endosymbiotic theory related to the primitive origins of the organelles: mitochondria and chloroplasts. According to the endosymbiotic theory, these originated as prokaryotic organisms, which were engulfed by a larger prokaryote through phagocytosis. This larger prokaryote was probably a rickettsia bacterium, which is an anaerobic proteobacteria that was a precursor to the mitochondria organelle. Similarly, chloroplasts come from an autotrophic prokaryote called endosymbiotic cyanobacteria. The theory has in origins in 1905. Konstantin Mereschkowsky with chloroplasts and Ivan Wallin in the 20s advanced a similar idea for mitochondria. Later on, Henry Ris found that they contain DNA. The modern attribution goes to Lynn Margulis for her work in 1981, Symbiosis in Cell Evolution. She contended that eukaryotic cells started as communities of networking bodies such as endosymbiotic spirochetes that developed cilia and flagella. The problem with this is that cilia and flagella do not c ontain DNA. Another organelle, the peroxisome, is thought to have emerged this way. They, too, do not contain DNA, however. Christian de Duve's peroxisome idea did not last long. (Cooper, 2005) Modern evidence that suggests the endosymbiotic theory is viable: Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain DNA, which is... The endosymbiotic theory related to the primitive origins of the organelles: mitochondria and chloroplasts.   According to the endosymbiotic theory, these originated as prokaryotic organisms, which were engulfed by a larger prokaryote through phagocytosis.   This larger prokaryote was probably a rickettsia bacterium, which is an anaerobic proteobacteria that was a precursor to the mitochondria organelle.   Similarly, chloroplasts come from an autotrophic prokaryote called endosymbiotic cyanobacteria.   The theory has in origins in 1905.   Konstantin Mereschkowsky with chloroplasts and Ivan Wallin in the 20s advanced a similar idea for mitochondria.   Later on, Henry Ris found that they contain DNA.   The modern attribution goes to Lynn Margulis for her work in 1981, Symbiosis in Cell Evolution.   She contended that eukaryotic cells started as communities of networking bodies such as endosymbiotic spirochetes that developed cilia and flagella.   Another organelle, th e peroxisome, is thought to have emerged this way.   They, too, do not contain DNA, however.   Modern evidence that suggests the endosymbiotic theory is viable:†¢ Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain DNA, which is different from that of the cell nucleus, and that is similar to that of bacteria (in being circular and in its size).  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ They are surrounded by two or more membranes, and the innermost of these shows differences in composition compared to the other membranes in the cell.

Constitutional Law Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Constitutional Law - Article Example Parliamentary sovereignty has three elements: (1) Parliament can make any law whatsoever and no body or any court can question any Act of Parliament; (2) no Parliament can bind either itself or any of its successors; and (3) no limit can be placed on the territorial extent on any of the Acts of Parliament. The first of the elements is known as the Enrolled Bill doctrine. It states that the duty of the judiciary with regard to the statutes of Parliament is to analyze through the Parliamentary Roll and nothing more in addition to it and that the judiciary must give fundamental respect and conclusiveness over whatever acts of Parliament, especially if it is with regard to the statutes passed therein. The second main element is known as the implied repeal rule which states that subsequent Parliaments can expressly or impliedly repeal any previous passed statutes made by the present and past Parliaments for the reason that subsequent parliaments possess the same powers and authority to all prior parliaments that ever existed. Further stating that the implied repeal rule also shows that the past Parliaments cannot hinder future parliaments from exercising their legislative authority. The last main element is known as the territorial extent doctrine which emphasizes that parliament can enact statutes that are outside its territorial jurisdiction of the United Kingdom, such as the High-jacking Act of 1982, it states that high-jacking is punishable even if the crime is committed outside the territorial jurisdiction and sovereignty of the United Kingdom. Some limitations to this provision exists, such as that when the law requires that a certain procedure must be done in order that previously enacted statutes may be amended. An example is the requirement of a referendum among the people of Northern Ireland with regard to the concern of some of its territories. In the Manner and Form thesis it clearly defines the limits where the courts may intervene and even to point of invalidating an act of legislature such as with regard to those procedures and compositions but not on the area of its exercise of power. Therefore implying that it's power to change the law includes the power to subsequently change the law which will affect itself because the legal sovereign may impose on itself some legal restriction upon its acts. This is a contentious issues as long as the enrolled doctrine bill is in effect and recognizing both Parliament and the courts of law. Another big challenge to the Supremacy of the Parliament are the legal effects of the European Community which is incorporated in the UK legal system through the European Communities Act of 1972 and was asserted in the case law Mccarthys v Smith Jackson 3 (1979) 3 All ER 325 which states that specific Treaty as not only in aid of legislation and legal implementation but as having the force and effect of law which must be given priority over and above other national laws. Taking into consideration the Factortame cases which give the distinction as what kinds of repeals parliament can make with regard to treaties are concerned. This is shown in pertinent cases that parliament just cannot just impliedly repeal acts which have conflicts with the international treaties signed by the UK but may do so if there is an express repeal. As evidenced by a statute that was